重庆市农业生产性服务供给路径优化研究

［目的］改革开放以来，随着经济社会的发展我国农业总产值不断提高，农业生产的物质投入日益增加并接近饱和，然而，农业生产效率未见显著提升，农产品竞争力不足。在此背景下，文章以生产性服务融入农业生产可以有效提升重庆市农业劳动生产率为逻辑起点，研究农业生产性服务提升重庆市农业劳动生产率的有效路径。［方法］利用投入产出表数据，在分析2002年以来重庆市农业生产性服务的投入水平和趋势的基础上，利用中间投入率等指标着重分析重庆市农业生产性服务投入的来源（供给）和去向结构性的变化，探寻重庆市农业生产性服务供给水平和内部结构的短板所在。［结果］重庆市农业生产性服务的总体投入水平偏低，传统服务仍占主导地位，现代要素的投入不足，政府组织的作用有所弱化，农业的销售类服务需求激增，对种植业的投入是短板。［结论］通过提高政府责任、创新农业经营体制、整合农业全产业链生产性服务供给、三产融合发展、培育新型服务主体可以优化重庆市农业生产性服务供给，有效提升重庆市农业生产性服务发展。     

Labor Reform in Mexico,Analysis of Principal Changes and Method of Recruitment

Actually, the country＇s development aims to achieve higher levels of productivity, so it had to adapt to international standards. This has served to ease the hiring of both operational and managerial controls, giving emphasis on training and allowing the pairing boss-worker to take the productivity like benchmark. The labor reform allows companies to make changes with their workers; such changes must be reflected in lower costs for businesses, by labor input and increased competitiveness, however, two years ago this guideline was implanted and society asks if the results are congruent, because Mexican society is undergoing economics problems issue as well as a deficit in generating jobs. Therefore, analyzing whether modifications made to the federal labor law （FLL） are designed to optimize safety of workers and enterprises in which they work is the subject of this research. The corresponding analysis was performed using the deductive method.     

Internal marketing practices,genuine emotions and their effects on hotel employees’ customer-oriented behaviors

Drawing on social exchange and conservation of resources theories, this study investigates genuine emotions as a mediator of the effects of internal marketing practices on customer-oriented behaviors. Data collected from customer-contact employees in the four- and five-star hotels in Antalya, one of the most popular tourism destinations in Turkey, were used to assess the aforesaid relationships. The results from structural equation modeling reveal that management’s simultaneous emphasis on internal communication, training, and internal market research as the indicators of internal marketing practices fosters customer-contact employees’ genuine emotions displayed in service encounters. Such internal marketing practices as well as genuine emotions boost employees’ customer-oriented behaviors, as manifested by enjoyment and needs. As hypothesized, genuine emotions partly mediate the effects of internal marketing practices on customer-oriented behaviors. Theoretical and management implications associated with the abovementioned results are discussed.     

Wage Performance of Immigrants in Germany

This paper updates and deepens our understanding of the wage performance of immigrants in Germany. Using the German Socio‐Economic Panel, it documents that immigrant workers initially earn on average 20% less than native workers with otherwise identical characteristics. The gap is smaller for immigrants from advanced countries, with good German language skills, and with a German degree, and larger for others. The gap declines gradually over time but at a decreasing rate and much faster for more recent cohorts. Less success in obtaining jobs with higher occupational autonomy explains half of the wage gap.     

Business education and entrepreneurial skills: Evidence from Arab universities

The authors aimed to investigate business undergraduates’ cognition toward entrepreneurship; in particular, they examined four entrepreneurship skills. Data consist of questionnaire responses obtained from 668 undergraduates attending universities in two different Arab countries. The study used a logistic regression to gauge the effect of delivering four entrepreneurial skills on entrepreneurship cognition. The results reveal that business students perceive the four entrepreneurial skills as key elements for starting their own business.     

供电企业岗位薪酬一体化建设方案分析

供电企业现行劳动用工方式存在弊端，提出了健全薪酬分配激励机制——统一的岗位和薪酬管理体系的思路和方法，实现变身份管理为岗位管理、打通员工成长通道，促进企业和员工和谐健康发展，解决供电企业用工矛盾，化解企业用工风险。     

浅谈初中生说明文写作教学

初中生语文综合能力以写作能力为最高,写作能力又以说明文写作为最难。现根据多年来初中语文教学经验,针对初中生说明文写作的教学技巧作简要论述。     

用工荒与就业难并存的经济学分析

文章首先分析了用工荒与就业难并存的表面原因，进而得出产业结构不合理、城乡二元结构、城市内部存在的“新二元”结构及人力资本不足是两者并存的内在原因。文章认为，解决用工荒和就业难的对策：一要调整产业结构；二要实行积极的就业政策；三要加大资本投资；四要完善社会保障体系。     

提高数字图像类专业职业能力的研究与分析

随着数字图像技术的不断发展和普及,此行业岗位的用人需求大增,国内各高职院校纷纷开设数字图像类相关专业,但目前很多院校这类毕业生的职业能力远不能达到行业的用人标准,缺乏行业需要的综合素质较高人才。正确分析和认识数字图像类专业的特点,是提高办学质量的基础。培养既精通工科的计算机图形图像技术,同时还具备艺术的创意能力和创新能力的综合性人才,是需要足够的素质基础和培养时间才能实现。